Wednesday, December 21, 2011
Wednesday, December 7, 2011
Saturday, December 3, 2011
CysticFibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited chronic disease that affects the lungs and digestive system.
1) What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
A: Signs- The body produce unusual sticky, thick mucus.
Some symptoms are very salty tasting skin, wheezing, poor growth, frequent lung infections, etc.
2) How common is this disorder?
A: Around 1,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.
3) How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
A: Sweat Test, Newborn Screening, and Genetic Carrier Testing.
4) How is cystic fibrosis inherited? Does everyone who has a mutant gene for the protein have cystic fibrosis?
A: It is inherited when two mutated CFTR genes one from each parent.
No, they could carrie it, or not even be affected and some also could be affected.
Part 2
1) Explain the normal function of the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis?
A) The basic defect in CF arises particularly in the epithelial cells living the airways of the lung.
2) What happens to this protein in CF patients and what are the consequences for the health of these individuals.
A) The vital chloride channel is blocked, with no ionic gradient there is no need for water town moves towards the surface and the mucus dries out.
Part 3
1) Explain at least 3 treatments for the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
1) What are the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
A: Signs- The body produce unusual sticky, thick mucus.
Some symptoms are very salty tasting skin, wheezing, poor growth, frequent lung infections, etc.
2) How common is this disorder?
A: Around 1,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.
3) How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
A: Sweat Test, Newborn Screening, and Genetic Carrier Testing.
4) How is cystic fibrosis inherited? Does everyone who has a mutant gene for the protein have cystic fibrosis?
A: It is inherited when two mutated CFTR genes one from each parent.
No, they could carrie it, or not even be affected and some also could be affected.
Part 2
1) Explain the normal function of the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis?
A) The basic defect in CF arises particularly in the epithelial cells living the airways of the lung.
2) What happens to this protein in CF patients and what are the consequences for the health of these individuals.
A) The vital chloride channel is blocked, with no ionic gradient there is no need for water town moves towards the surface and the mucus dries out.
Part 3
1) Explain at least 3 treatments for the symptoms of cystic fibrosis.
A)-Lung transplant-Go into surgery and replace a lung with a healthy lung.
-Liver transplant-Go into surgery and replace the diseased liver and replace it with a healthy liver.
-Gene therapy-Altering the genes inside your bodys cells to stop the disease.
-Liver transplant-Go into surgery and replace the diseased liver and replace it with a healthy liver.
-Gene therapy-Altering the genes inside your bodys cells to stop the disease.
2) Discuss at least 3 ways for parents to help their children who have cystic fibrosis.
A) -Drink lots of fluid-Fluid intake can help thin the mucus in your lungs.
-Exercise-Helps loosen mucus in your airways and strengthens your heart and lungs.
-Elliminate smoke-Don't smoke or allow others to smoke around you.
-Elliminate smoke-Don't smoke or allow others to smoke around you.
Monday, November 7, 2011
Fluid Membrane
The size of a cell is very small.Down below is our Fluid Membrane poster. The purple is the Phospholipid; which is a lipid. The blue ones that are flowing are Glycolipid and the Oligosaccharide side chain. The Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached.They also are the ones to provide energy. Oligosaccharide is a carbohydrate. The yellow is the Cholesterol. Those red curly things are called Integral Proteins.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
Intro to Biomolecules (Q&A)
QUESTIONS&ANSWERS to Bio-molecules
1) What is a macromolecule?
A. Its a type of large molecule that is essential for the cells of living organisms.
2) What are the for main types of macromolecules?
A. Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acid
3) What is a monomer?
A. Monomer is a single component that makes up macromolecules.
4) What is a polymer?
A. A polymer is a collection of monomers that are combined together.
5) What are the types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo?
A. Macromolecules under hydrolysis reactions and and condensation reactions.
6) How monomers are joined together?
A. There joined together through the process of a condensation reaction.
7) How are polymers broken down?
A. Polymers are broken down through a process called hydrolysis.
8) What is the name for the bond formed between sugar monomers?
A. A covalent bond.
9) What kind of enzyme joins monomers together?
A. The polymerase enzyme is what joins monomers together.
10) How do you arrange sugar monomers to build polysaccarides?
A. I added a sugar molecule to another sugar molecule to form a glycosidic linkage. Then I added one more sugar molecule to those two sugar molecules. when I rotated it, I separate the hydrogen molecules so that the oxygen would connected to form H2O. After that the 4 molecules link together and I created a 4 molecule polysaccharide.
11) Which building blocks of macromolecules are not used in building carbohydrates?
A. Amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotide are not used to build a carbohydrate.
12) Why is sugar stored as glycogen in the human body?
A. It is stored because it helps balance out the blood sugar level.
13) Why are plant foods essential in animal life?
A. The sugar and energy that are obtained through carbs comes from plants.
14) How is starch digested by animals?
A. The starch digestion starts at the mouth with the salivary amylase,then down into the small intestine. After that short chains of glucoses are broken down into individual glucose molecules that are absorbed.
15) What is fiber and why is it important in your diet?
A. Fiber is filament formed from vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile. It is important in our diet because it reduces the risk of cancer, diabetes, digestive disorder, and heart disease.
16) What causes you to pass gas(fart) according to the article?
A. Indigestable carbohydrates produce gas.
17) What are some disadvantages of a low-carb diet?
A. Possibility for cancer, lowered kidney/bone health, and loss in quality of life.
18) What role do sugars play in the formation of cavities on your teeth?
A. Sugars produces acids that cause cavities.
1) What is a macromolecule?
A. Its a type of large molecule that is essential for the cells of living organisms.
2) What are the for main types of macromolecules?
A. Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acid
3) What is a monomer?
A. Monomer is a single component that makes up macromolecules.
4) What is a polymer?
A. A polymer is a collection of monomers that are combined together.
5) What are the types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo?
A. Macromolecules under hydrolysis reactions and and condensation reactions.
6) How monomers are joined together?
A. There joined together through the process of a condensation reaction.
7) How are polymers broken down?
A. Polymers are broken down through a process called hydrolysis.
8) What is the name for the bond formed between sugar monomers?
A. A covalent bond.
9) What kind of enzyme joins monomers together?
A. The polymerase enzyme is what joins monomers together.
10) How do you arrange sugar monomers to build polysaccarides?
A. I added a sugar molecule to another sugar molecule to form a glycosidic linkage. Then I added one more sugar molecule to those two sugar molecules. when I rotated it, I separate the hydrogen molecules so that the oxygen would connected to form H2O. After that the 4 molecules link together and I created a 4 molecule polysaccharide.
11) Which building blocks of macromolecules are not used in building carbohydrates?
A. Amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotide are not used to build a carbohydrate.
12) Why is sugar stored as glycogen in the human body?
A. It is stored because it helps balance out the blood sugar level.
13) Why are plant foods essential in animal life?
A. The sugar and energy that are obtained through carbs comes from plants.
14) How is starch digested by animals?
A. The starch digestion starts at the mouth with the salivary amylase,then down into the small intestine. After that short chains of glucoses are broken down into individual glucose molecules that are absorbed.
15) What is fiber and why is it important in your diet?
A. Fiber is filament formed from vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile. It is important in our diet because it reduces the risk of cancer, diabetes, digestive disorder, and heart disease.
16) What causes you to pass gas(fart) according to the article?
A. Indigestable carbohydrates produce gas.
17) What are some disadvantages of a low-carb diet?
A. Possibility for cancer, lowered kidney/bone health, and loss in quality of life.
18) What role do sugars play in the formation of cavities on your teeth?
A. Sugars produces acids that cause cavities.
Monday, October 17, 2011
Wednesday, September 14, 2011
Sunday, September 11, 2011
Properties of Water
As we all know there is water all around us. We all use water in many different ways. But here are the properties of the water we may use. In science water is define as H2O. In most organisms there is at least 80% of water. In the lab we did there was polar and non-polar covalent bonds. The polar covalent bonds are not sharing the electrons evenly. Non-polar covalent bonds are sharing electrons evenly. When we drop water on the penny it stick better then when alcohol was drop. As we drop a drop of water on to the wax paper and try to split it, it kept its shape and move at the same time. This made it a non-polar covalent bond.
Experiments.!
In the corn lab we had to test the corn with infestation which is bugs, to see how the corn would grow. The corn that had less bugs grew better then the one that had a high amount of infestations. This experiment was a controlled one. It was use to test the different levels of European Corn Borer(ECB). Like in most controlled experiments there was a independent variable and a dependent variable. The independent variable was the level of infestation. This variable is the only one that affects the outcome of the experiment. The dependent variable is the results of the changes. In the lab the dependent variable was the yield of the corn plants which is the kernel weight per car of the corn.
A Clinical Trial is a place where they experiment on new treatments or diagnostic. The methods they use are tested in people to see if it would be effective and safe. In one trial they gather two groups of people. They give the first group the actual treatment and they give the other group a "mint". The second group thought it was working. So therefore they were testing out to see if it was just a placebo. A placebo is where the mind plays tricks on you. You think its working when in reality its all just in your mind.
A Clinical Trial is a place where they experiment on new treatments or diagnostic. The methods they use are tested in people to see if it would be effective and safe. In one trial they gather two groups of people. They give the first group the actual treatment and they give the other group a "mint". The second group thought it was working. So therefore they were testing out to see if it was just a placebo. A placebo is where the mind plays tricks on you. You think its working when in reality its all just in your mind.
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